The end of the Second World War in Europe led to series of crucial political and social changes in the whole area of Central Europe. One of the most important phenomena was a waste shipf of the political preferences to the left, that materialised by increasing influence of communist and socialist parties. In Czechoslovakia millieu during May 1945, we can whitness the creation of Factory Councils, that took control over most of producing plants. Theese elected bodies of the working class stood outside the structures of the trade unions from the beginning, the Revolutionary Movement of Trade Unions (ROH) had only limited influence on the councils. During the first phase of the existence of the councils, from May to October 1945, it acted as a bearer of revolutionary euphoria and showed a strong radicalism, that exceeded the limits declared by the Government Programme from Košice from April 1945. The unrestrained activities of the councils led to the decision to issue the Presidencial Decree nr. 104/1945, that legally defined the role of the Factory Counciles.