Přehled o publikaci

Force majeure and hardship – two legal terms connected with drafting contracts (with or without cross-border element); two concepts having some common features; however, two concepts which are different in their preconditions, and in their legal consequences. The paper is focused on two issues: • Analysis of force majeure and hardship from the point of view of The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), ICC Force Majeure Clause 2003, ICC Hardship Clause 2003 and UNIDROIT Principels of International Commercial Contracts 2010. The paper provides overview on the different force majeure and hardship clauses, that are available in the above mentioned legal rules. • Regulation of force majeure and hardship under the CISG. This convention does not have any special provision for force majeure and hardship. However, provision of Art. 79 has the same effects as force majeure. But the question is, is it possible to include the hardship situation into the scope of this article, or must we go via national law. The opinions differ. The „impediment“ according pt the Art. 79(1) may be interpreted, according to prevailing opinions, also as economic or financial hardship. However, the core of problem is with the different consequences of the typical hardship situation - application before courts or arbitrators.