C O U M A J l b H O - n O J l M T M H E C K M E l / I C C J l E f l O B A H k l f l
S O C I O P O L I T I C A L R E S E A R C H
2 3 . 0 0 . 0 2 n o / i i / i T i / m e c K i / i e i / i H C T i / u y T b i , n p o u , e c c b i 1/1 T e x H O J i o r i / i i / i
P o l i t i c a l I n s t i t u t i o n s , P r o c e s s e s a n d T e c h n o l o g i e s
DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-1 -36-44
r p a > K f l a H C K o e o ö u j e c T B O
B y c / i O B i / m x B 0 3 p a c T a K > m e r o H e p a B e H C T B a
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r. MocKBa, Poccni/iCKaa Oeflepaui/ia
a
E-mail: vprorok@seznam.cz
b
E-mail: lilitcheva@mail.ru
c
E-mail: 3173930@gmail.com
AHHOTauiifl. Tpa>KflaHCKoe oömecTBO, Korapoe ceroflHH B ero pa3Bi/i~ron (Jsopwie cm/uaiOT ycnoBneivi CTa6i/inbH0c™ fleMOKpaTMM, npoxoflMT
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21-011-
31709 «MexaHM3Mbi n TexHonornn coi_|ManbHO-3KOHOMMMecKOM v\ noni/iTi/mecKOM flenormpi/i3au,i/ii/i B poccnncKi/ix pemoHax».
fl/lfl 141/ITMPOBAHHFI: npopoK B., l/l/ibi/meBa /I.E., Ca<|>i/iy.n.ni/iH B.A. l~pa>KflaHCKoe oömecTBO B ycnoBi/iax B03pacraiomero HepaBeHCTBa
coBpeivieHHoro oömecTBa //Coui/iajibHO-no/ii/rn/mecKi/ie HayKi/i. 2022. T. 12. N a
1. C. 36-44. DOI: 10.33693/2223-
0092-2022-12-1-36-44
36 Sociopolitical Sciences Vol.12. No. 1.2022 I S S N 2223-0092 (print)
I S S N 2310-7065 (online)
rPAXJJAHCKOE OBIMECTBO B YC/lOBI/lflXB03PACTAK)UjErO HEPABEHCTBA COBPEMEHHOrO OBUJECTBA
ripopoK B., lAnbmeea U.E., CacpuynnuH B.A.
DOI: 1 0 . 3 3 6 9 3 / 2 2 2 3 - 0 0 9 2 - 2 0 2 2 - 1 2 - 1 -36-44
C i v i l S o c i e t y i n t h e C o n d i t i o n s
o f G r o w i n g I n e q u a l i t y o f M o d e r n S o c i e t y
V . P r o r o k 1
' 3
© , L E . I l y i c h e v a 2
' 3 b
© , V . A . S a f i u l l i n 3 c
©
1
Jan Amos Comenius University,
Prague, Czech Republic
2
Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service
of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (IPACS RANEPA),
Moscow, Russian Federation
3
Institute of Social and Political Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
a
E-mail: vprorok@seznam.cz
b
E-mail: lilitcheva@mail.ru
c
E-mail: 3173930@gmail.com
Abstract. Civil society, which today in its developed form is considered a condition for the stability of democracy, is undergoing historically
contradictory development. In the first competitive phase of its formation, clashes between classes and the state predominate.
Only in the second coherent phase, on the basis of the emergence of a social and legal state, does it become possible to regulate social
conflicts. In the third, pluralistic phase associated with globalization, it is possible, according to the idea of liberals, to create a world
coherent society. However, globalization in its liberal form does not create conditions for maintaining the welfare state, and with its disintegration
the rule of law also collapses, which, as a result, returns civil society to the first competitive phase.The research uses methods
of system and structural-functional analysis, historical approach and the concept of globalization.
Key words: civil society, rule of law, welfare state, globalization, social conflicts
Acknowledgements.The article was prepared within the framework of the RFBR grant No. 21 -011 -31709"Mechanisms and technologies
of socio-economic and political depolarization in Russian regions".
FOR CITATION: ProrokV., Ilyicheva M.V., Safiulin V.A. Civil Society in the Conditions of Growing Inequality of Modern Society.
Sociopolitical Sciences. 2022. Vol. 12. No. 1. Pp. 36-44. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-1-36-44
BBEflEHME
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ISSN 2 2 2 3 - 0 0 9 2 (print)
ISSN 2 3 1 0 - 7 0 6 5 (online)
T. 12. N s
1. 2022 Cou.uanbHO-nonumu^ecKue naym 37
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1
Listina základních práv a svobod. § 23 [3;ieKTpoHHbiM pecypc]. U R L :
https ://www. google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=listina+Z/á
C3%Alkladn%C3%ADch+pr%C3%Alv+a+svobod+pdf («aTa oópameHMSi:
24.12.2021).
2
C M . : U R L : https://psyera.ru/osnovnye-etapy-i-harakternye-chertysovremennogo-grazhdanskogo-obshchestva_8664.htm
(flaTa 0 6 pameHMSi:
24.12.2021).
38 Sociopolitical Sciences Vol. 12. No. 1.2022 ISSN 2223-0092 (print)
ISSN 2310-7065 (online)
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fljisi paöo^ero Knacca. O/rMHaKOBoe 3Ha*ieHMe MMejia n o jiMTMKa
>Kejie3Horo KaHiyiepa TepMaHMM, KOHcepBaTopa
O . 4>OH BMCMapxa ( 1 8 1 5 - 1 8 9 8 ) , KOTopbiii, c oflHofi c r o p o H
H , B 1 8 7 8 r. 3acTaBMJi HMnepcKMM napjiaMeHT npMHHTb
3aKOH, 3anpemaiomMM con.Maji-,n,eMOKpaTMio, M C flpyroii
CTopoHH, n o peKOMeH.n.auMM MMnepaTopa BMJibrejibMa I
Ha^a/i B 1 8 8 3 - 1 8 8 7 r r . BBO/rMTb connajibHoe 3aKOHO,n,aTejibCTBO
Ha ÖJiaro paöo^MX, B T O M HMcne connajibHoe
CTpaxoBaHMe pflsi H M X . ConnajibHoe rocyn,apcTBO, TaKMM
o6pa30M, He CBH3aHO B n e p B o i i 4>a3e c n p a B O B H M rocyn,apCTBOM
M MCOKeT 6bITb HaCTbK) aBTOpMTapHOM BJiaCTM, K3K
3TO noKa3HBaeT B X X B . HanpMMep M 4>aiiiM3M. [ 3 : 3 9 - 5 0 ]
rpa>K/iaHCKoe oömecTBO B TaKOM c/iy^ae aKTMBHO no,n,a-
BJIHeTCH.
BTopasi, KorepeHTHasi 4>a3a npe/rnorcaraeT cymecTBOBaHMe
KaK connajibHoro rocyn,apcTBa, Tax M npaBOBoro
rocy/iapcTBa, KOTopoe rapaHTMpyeT paBeHCTBO nepefl 3aK
O H O M /yia Bcex, 6e3 pa3/iMHM5i MX no/io>KeHM5i. TeopeTMHeCKM
CO/iep>KaHMe M nOJIHTMKy BTOpOM 4>a3bl pa3BMTM5I
rpa>K/i;aHCKoro oömecTBa oöocHOBaji aHnmücKMÜ jBiöepaji
XI. BeHTaM ( 1 7 4 8 - 1 8 3 2 ) M C T O P O H H M K M yTonn^ecKoro
conMajiM3Ma - A. p,e C C H - C M M O H ( 1 7 6 0 - 1 8 2 5 ) , III. <t>ypbe
( 1 7 7 2 - 1 8 3 7 ) M P. OßeH ( 1 7 7 1 - 1 8 5 8 ) , KOTopbiii nocTponji
fla>Ke couMajibHyio MOflejib Ha CBoeM npe/rnpnsiTMM B JlaHapxe
B 1 8 3 0 r. B X X B . n p u H u n n b i connajibHoro rocyflapcTBa
npMHHJi B pajvucax National Industrial Recovery Act
B 1 9 3 3 r. M3-3a SKOHOMimecKoro KpM3Mca 1 9 2 9 Jinöepaji npe3M/i;eHT
CIIIA Q>.J\. Py3BejibT ( 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 4 5 ) . B nojiHOM
oöieMe, oflHaKO, npoeKT connajibHoro rocyn,apcTBa p e a jM3yeTca
npe>K/];e Bcero B paMKax eBponeiicKOM MHTerpaI
; M M nocjie BTopoü MMpoBoü B O M H H . H O ppsKe BTopaa 4>a3a
pa3BMTM5i rpa>KflaHCKoro oömecTBa He j M i n e H a connajibHblX
KOHCJDJIHKTOB - MMeMT MeCTO 3a6aCTOBKM, M B KOJIOHMHX
M CTpaHax TpeTbero MMpa, r/ie cymecTByeT HMmeTa,
noHB/iHeTCH Hao;MOHajibHO-ocBo6o/];MTejibHoe ppvix.emAe
M nOnblTKM BbIMTM 3a paMKM KanMTajiM3Ma.
B TpeTbefi 4>a3e chopMnpoBaHira rpajK/iaHCKoro 06mecTBa
npoMcxoflMT ero rjio6ajiii3aii,ii5i M n/nopajiM3aLi;M5i
M rpa>KflaHCKoe oömecTBO npeTepneßaeT KaqecTBeHHbie
M3MeHeHM5I. ITo MHeHMK) CTOpOHHMKOB TJIo6ajIM3aLi;MM,
B flaHHOM 4>a3e pa3BMTMe rpa>KflaHCKoro oömecTBa P,OIV&Ho
6biJio OKOHHaTe/ibHO peiiiMTb npo6jieMbi HepaBeHCTBa
M co3/i;aTb rocy/iapcTBO Bceoömero ö/iarococTOHHMH
BO BceM MMpe. Ha flaHHofi 4>a3e, n o M H C H M I O <P. <t>yKyHMbi
( 1 9 5 2 ) , ROJVMNA 6bma coBepiuMTbca OKOHHaTejibHasi noöefla
7iM6epajiM3Ma MJIM KaK yTBep>Kflaji A. Ywjmenc ( 1 9 3 8 ) ,
COBeTHMK T. BjISpa, flOJDKeH 6bIJI npOHBMTbCSI n03MTMBHHM
noTeHi;Maji r/io6ajiM3aD;MM. K/iaccoBaa 6opb6a TaKMM 06pa30M
flo/DKHa 6biJia ocnaöeBaTb, no/i5ipM3aD;M5i oömecTBa
(Bpa>Kfla MOK/iy ero KJiaccaMM) npaKTM^ecKM P,OJW.YLSL 6buia
MCHe3HyTb. B coo;MajibHOM CTpyKType nocTCOBpeMeHHoro
coo;MyMa p,0JVM.m>\ OTcyTCTBOBaTb npoTMBono/io>KHbie n o MOCA
KJiaccoBoii MJIM CTaTycHOM nojrapM3an.MM c y o i e K TOB.
Pa3JIMHM5I MÖKfly HMMM flOJDKHbl MMeTb TOJIbKO COUMOKyjIbTypHblfi
XapaKTep - 3TO pa3JIMHM5I KyjIbTypHblX
CTM/ieii >KM3HM MHflMBMflOB M r p y n n . Bopböa 3a KyjibTypHOe
flOMMHMpOBaHMe nepeHOCMTCfl B >KM3HeHHbIM MMp,
r,n,e pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie c y o i e K T H nbiTaMTCH BbipaöaTHBaTb
coöcTBeHHbie CTpaTerMM M J I M H M M noBe/ieHMfl. B oömeCTBe
rocnoflCTByeT n/nopajiM3M B O Bcex ero npoHB/ieHMHX
M TOJiepaHTHOCTb (TepnMMOCTb) KO BC5IKOM MHaKOBOCTM
M HOBM3He, eOIM BCe 3TO He npoTMBope^MT yCTaHOBJieHHbiM
3aKOHaM. Ha 3TOM 3Tane npoMcxo/iMT r/io6ajiM3aD;M5i
rpa>K/iaHCKoro oömecTBa, a npaBOBoe M connajibHoe rocyflapcTBO
CTaHOBMTCH nocTeneHHO M rocy/iapcTBOM SKOJIO-
rMHecKMM3
. Ho npaKTMKa noKa3HBaeT, H T O flaHHbie npe/i;CTaBJieHMfl
M/i;eajiM3MpyioT MMp, pea/ibHaa CMTyao;M5i öojiee
c/io>KHa5i M pa3Hoo6pa3Hasi.
rPA>KflAHCKOE OBLL|ECTBO M r/10BAJlM3AI4Mfl
CTaHOBJieHMe M pa3BMTMe rpa>KflaHCKoro oömecTBa
pea/iM3yeTC5i no/i B J I M A H M C M BHyTpeHHMX M B H O U H M X
4>aKTOpOB. OflHMM M3 BHyTpeHHMX (J)aKTOpOB ÖbIJia KJiaCcoBasi
6opb6a, KOTopaa flOMMHMpoBa/ia Ha nepBOM 3Tane,
Ha BTopoM 3Tane 3TO HayHHO-TexHMHecKaa peBO/iKmMH,
KOTopaa c,n,ejiajia B03MO>KHbiM MaccoBoe noTpeö/ieHMe
B BbICOKOpa3BMTbIX CTpaHaX. B H O U H M M (J)aKTOpOM pflSl
nepexo/ia K O BTopoü 4>a3e CTaHOBJieHMe rpa>KflaHCKoro
oömecTBa Ha 3ana/i;e 6bmo cymecTBOBaHMe coo;MajiMCTM^ecKoro
Jiarepsi c npoB03rjiameHHofi o;ejibio 6/iaronony^Mfl
TpyflSimMXCH. X O T H KOMMyHMCTMHeCKMe pöKMMbl
OÖaHKpOTMJIMCb, OHM nOBJIMSUIM Ha pa3BMTMe B KanMTajiMCTM^ecKMX
CTpaHax. Ha TpeTbeM 3Tane B H C I I I H M M 4>aKTOp
o M flo/DKHa 6bma CTaTb r/io6ajiM3aD;M5i, KOTopaa npMHeceT
npouBeTaHne He TO/ibKO paöo^MM 3ana/iHoro MMpa,
H O M BceM CTpaHaM MMpa.
OcymecTBMTCH flaHHaa o;ejib ö/iaroflapsi CBo6o/iHOMy
nepeMemeHMio KanMTa/ia M paöoHeii CMJIM. H/iea cocTOH/ia
B T O M , H T O nepeMemeHMe KanMTa/ia noBe/ieT K MH/iycTpMa/iM3aD;MM
MeHee pa3BMTbix CTpaH (y>Ke ynoMHHyTa TeopMH
KOMnjieKCHOM 3aBMCMMOCTM) M co3/];aHMio ö/iaronojiyHMH.
Pea/ibHOCTb TaKOBa: KannTaji M/i;eT TaM, r/ie HaMÖo/iee B H ro/iHbie
yc/ioBMH pflsi no/iy^eHMH npnöbuiM, M , KaK npaBM-
710, 3TO CB5I3aHO C HM3KMMM Ha/IOraMM M MMHMMajlbHblMM
orpaHMHeHMflMM, wro KacaeTCH SKO/iorMM MJIM coo;MajibHOro
3aKOHO/iaTejibCTBa. n e p e M e m e H M e KannTajia c O/IHOM
CTOpOHbl, BefleT K fleMH/];yCTpMajIM3aD;MM pa3BMTHX CTpaH,
M C flpyrOM CTOpOHbl, K JlMKBM^aiJiMM HeKOHKypeHTHblX ceKTOpOB
3KOHOMMKM B npMHMMaiOIHMX CTpaHaX, HTO B D;ejIOM
MO>KeT BecTM K pocTy 6e3pa6oTMUbi M/IM nepeMemeHMio
paöoHMX B ccJDepy ycnyr, r/ie HM3KMe 3apn/iaTbi. n e p e M e meHMe
paöoHefi CMJibi BMecTO oöemaHHoro noBbimeHMH
3apn/iaT Be/ieT K p o c i y KOHKypeHi;MM Ha pbiHKe Tpy/ia
M CTaraauMM 3apn/iaT. CHM>KeHMe TeMnoB pocTa 3apn/iaT
no cpaBHeHMK) c p o c r o M npoM3BO/iMTejibHOCTM Tpy/ia
MMeeT MecTO c 1 9 7 0 - x rr., KaK STO noKa3MBaeT,n,MarpaMMa
HM>Ke M3 CIIIA.
3
CM.: URL: https://psyera.ru/osnovnye-etapy-i-harakternye-chertysovremennogo-grazhdanskogo-obshchestva_8664.htm
(flaTa oöpameHMSi:
24.12.2021).
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ISSN 2310-7065 (online)
T. 12. N8
1. 2022 Cou.uanbHO-nonumu^ecKue naym 39
COLlKIAJlbHO-nOJMTKIHECKKIEKICCJlEflOBAHKIfl
SOCIOPOLITICAL RESEARCH
P r o d u c t i v i t y S o a r s ,
W a g e s S t a g n a t e
Percent growth in U.S. productivity and
hourly compensation, 1950-2018
Net productivity — Hourly compensation
300
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 201 f
Data on wages from workers in private sector compared
to productivity in total economy.
Source: Economic Policy Institute
š t a t i s t a
PMC. 1. PeajibHasi npon3BOflHTe7ibHOCTb Tpyfla u noiacoBaa
3apnnaTa 1950-2018 (HcmouHUK: https://www.statista.com/
chart/23410/inequality-in-productivity-and-compensation/)
Fig. 1. Real labor productivity and hourly wages 1950-2018 years
(Source: https://www.statista.com/chart/23410/inequality-in-
productivity-and-compensation/)
Haflemie /IOXO/IOB KOMneHCMpoBajiocb 3a raeT C O H M ajibHoro
rocy/iapcTBa M p o c r o M 3a,n,ojDKeHHOCTTi rocyflapcTB,
KOTopaa BbicoKaa npe>K/];e Bcero B C I U A M B 6ojibIIIMHCTBe
CTpaH EBpOCOK)3a, 3a MCKJIKraeHMeM HOBHX
H/ieHOB EC, r/ie HeT pa3BMToro couMajibHoro rocyn,apcTBa.
Tocy/iapcTBO B c e o 6 m e r o 6/iarococT05iHM5i, KOTopoe
Sbuio co3/iaHO nocrce BTopoii M M p o B o i i B O M H H , o6ecneHMBaiomee
pocT noTpe6jiemi5i M npouBeTaHiie B pa3BMTbix
CTpaHax H a ocHOBe HayHHO-TexmmecKoii peBOJiioH
M M , 6MJIO O Ö I U M M npoeKTOM coBpeMeHHbix juiöepajioB,
naTepHa/iMCTCKMX KOHcepBaTopoB M 3ana,u,Hbix C O H M a/iMCTOB.
3 T O T npoeKT ycneiiiHO KOHKypnpoBaji c K O M MyHMCTMHeCKMMM
pöKMMaMM BOCTOHHOM Eßponbl. OflHaKO,
MfleojiorMHecKafl M n o j M T m r e c K a a noöe/ia H O B H X
npaBbix B 1970-x r r . , KpMTMKyiomMX C J I M I I I K O M me,n,poe
rocy/iapcTBO M pocT saflOJuKeHHOcra rocyn,apcTBa, Bejia
K orpaHM^eHMio rocyn,apcTBa Bceoömero ÖJiarococroHHMH
B jxyxe /ieBM3a, coniacHO KOTopoMy K a ^ b i i i flcwi>KeH
no3a6oTMTbCH npe>K/];e Bcero o ce6e. Ho counajibHoe
rocy/iapcTBO o r p a m n m B a j i a TaK>Ke coiTMaji-fleMOKpaTTifl
nOfl fleBM30M, WTOÔbl XOTb *TTO-TO COXpaHMTb HaflO KOe-wro
ype3aTb.
JXaimasi nojiMTMKa B npuHUMne OTBe^aeT peajibHMM
ycnoBMHM rjio6ajM3au.i«i. C uejibio npuBJieHb KamiTaji
HaflO CHM3MTb Ha/IOrM, WTO eCTeCTBeHHO He n03BOJIHeT
coxpaHMTb npe>KHMe paMKM couManbHOTO rocy/iapcTBa.
BTopoii BapnaHT, coxpaHeHMe B H C O K M X HajioroB, OTTanKMBaeT
KanMTa/i, Tax wro y>Ke M He^ero oöJiaraTb Ha/ioraMM.
B cjieflCTBMe, HM3iiiMe cjioM M HacTb cpeflHMX cnoeB He n o ny^aioT
floxo/ibi H M B Ka^ecTBe nocoÖMM rocyn,apcTBa, H M
B Ka^ecTBe 3apnjiaT. JXonsi Tpyn,a B ,u,oxo,n;ax na/iaeT c 1970x
rr. KaK B CLIIA, Tax M B Eßpone.
TaKMM 06pa30M, B03HMKaK)T npeflnOCblJIKM K B030ÖHOBJieHMK)
KOH4>JIMKTOB B oömecTBe, KOTopwe MMejiM MeCTO
B nepBoií 4>a3e CTaHOBJieHMH rpa>K/i,aHCKoro oömecTBa.
no flaHHHM 0 3 C P 3a 2018 r. pa3pwB MOK/iy MMymMMM
M HeMMymMMM B O BceM MMpe cei/mac na T O M >Ke ypoBHe,
wro M B 1820 r., npe/rynpe/riiB, wro S T O 6buio O / I H M M M3 c a Mbix
«TpeBO>KHbix» C O 6 H T M Í Í 3a nocjie,n,HTie 200 jieT. Ba>KHbiM
yKa3aTe/ieM Mepbi HepaBeHCTBa flBJisreTCfl MHfleKC
XI>KMHM. HepaBeHCTBO B MMpe pacTeT BmioTb flo Ha^a/ia
1990-x rr. M crajio B 2 pa3a Bbime, neM B 1820 r.
U . S . T O T A L P U B L I C D E B T V S G D P (trillion usd> Source: Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury
TOTAL PUBLIC DEBT
FEDERAL SPENDING AND REVENUES (% of gdp)
BUDGET SURPLUSES
mi
est
2010 2015
Souice: Peter G Peterson Foundation
-,m. T IT
2020
— SPENDING
BUDGET DEFICITS
REVENUES
P M C . 2. 06mMii rocyflapcTBeHHbiii flanr CIUA no OTHomemiio K BBI1
(HcmouHUK: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/americas-debt-27-trillion-and-counting/)
Fig. 2. Total US government debt relative to GDP
(Source: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/americas-debt-27-trillion-and-counting/)
40 Sociopolitical Sciences Vol.12. No. 1.2022 ISSN 2223-0092 (print)
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rPAXJJAHCKOE OBUJECTBO B YC/lOBI/lflXB03PACTAK)UjErO HEPABEHCTBA COBPEMEHHOm OBUJECTBA
ripopoK B., l/l/ibiweea U.E., CaipuynnuH B.A.
General government debt, 2019 and 2020 (')
(General government consolidated gross debt % of GDP)
2019 2020
(1) Data extracted on 20 10.2021
Source Eurostat (aov_10dd_edpH) e u r o s t a t l
PMC. 3. IbcyflapcTBeHHbiM flonr CTpaH EC 2019-2020
(HcmouHUK: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:General_government_debt,_
2019_and_2020_(%C2%B9)_(General_government_consolidated_gross_debt,_%25_of_GDP)_Oct_2021.png)
Fig. 3. EU Public Debt 2019-2020 years (Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:General_
government_debt,_2019_and_2020_(%C2%B9)_(General_government_consolidated_gross_debt,_%2S_of_GDP)_Oct_2021.png)
Exhibit 2
Three-fourths of the decrease in labor share in the United States since 1947 has come
since 2000.
The accelerating decline in labor share in the United States
Labor share ot nonfarm business sector,'
Total compensation share of gross value added, %
I b
65
6 4
63
62
61
6 0
59
58
57
56
1980-
84
62.7
1994- 1998-
98 2002
61.1 62.5
1980s
and '90s
decrease dot-com
Raw — Filtered
2012-
16
1947 - 65.4
2 4 %
2 0 0 0 - 63.3
Steep
2 0 0 0 s
decrease
7 6 %
2016 - 56.7
decrease
Q I 1 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 I I t 1 1 I I 1 I I ) I I I I ) I 1 1 I 1 i 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I t I [ I [ I 1 1 I I I 1 I 1 1
1947 50 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 2 0 0 0 10 2018
1
Oetrended using Hodrick Prescott filter (restriction parameter • 6); adjusted tor sett employed income (non farm business sector. 7b'-*> of total economyI. from Labor
Productivity and Costs database. Bureau of Labor StatisticsSource
BLS (March 2019 release!; McKinsey Global Instrtute anatysis
P M C . 4. florist Tpyfla B floxofle 1947-2018 IT.
(HcmoHHUK.: https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/0S/why-did-us-labor-share-of-income-fall.html)
Fig. 4. Share of labor i n income 1947-2018 years
(Source: https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/0S/why-did-us-labor-share-of-income-fall.html)
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COLlKIAJlbHO-nOJMTKIHECKKIEKICCJlEflOBAHKIfl
SOCIOPOLITICAL RESEARCH
EU wage shares have shrunk
Wages t o G D P ratio 0 0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Adjusted for self-employment
Sources; Ameea ©vitentinarome
©FT
PMC. 5. flans 3apa6oTHoß rmaTM B E C K BBI1 (HCTOTHMK: https://www.ft.com/content/0a245c28-6cc3-l Ie9-80c7-60ee53e6681d)
Fig. 5. E U wage share to GDP (Source: https://www.ft.com/content/0a245c28-6cc3-lle9-80c7-60eeS3e6681d)
Ta6nuu,a 1
Ko3(p4>MUMeHT fljKMHM, 1820-2018 rr.
[Gini coefficient, 1820-2018]
To«
[Year]
ÜHfleKC AXHHH
[Gini index]
To«
[Year] [Gini index]
1820 0,43 1993 0,76
1850 0,53 1998 0,74
1870 0,56 2002 0,71
1913 0,61 2003 0,72
1929 0,62 2005 0,68
1950 0,64 2008 0,70
1960 0,64 2013 0,65
1980 0,66 H H E C 2018 0,34
1988 0,80 2021 KoBMfl?
McmoHHUK [Note]: Ortiz, Isabel; Cummins, Matthew (April 2011).
"Global Inequality: Beyond the Bottom Billion" (PDF). UNICEF. p. 26.;
United Nations (DESA Working Paper No. 27); World Bank. "Poverty
and Prosperity 2016/Taking on Inequality" (PDF). Figure O.10 Global
Inequality, 1988-2013
Eojibiue Bcero HepaBeHCTBO MMeeT Mecro B AqbpMKe
M B KbKHOM AMepMKe, a Cpe/TM pa3BMTbIX CTpaH HailÖOJIbiuee
HepaBeHCTBO cymecTByeT B CIIIA. Bo3pacTaioma5i
6e/THOCTb B AqbpMKe M Cpe/THeii AMepMKe aBJiaeTca TaK>Ke
npMHMHoii MMrpau;MOHHbix B O J I H B 6ojiee pa3BMTbie c r p a H
H Eßponbi M B CIIIA. B EBpocoK>3e Mepa HepaBeHCTBa
HM3Ka5I, XOT5I 6e/THOCTb B HeKOTOpblX HOBblX HJieHCKMX
CTpaH EC BbicoKaa, M B CTapwx CTpaHax EC HaMe^arOTCH
npoTMBope^MBbie TeH/TeHu;MM4
. C na/TeHMeM 3apmiaT M /TOXO/TOB
HM3IUMX cjioeB pacTeT öoraTCTBO MMymMX cnoeB
Hace/ieHMH. Ho /TaHHHM 0 3 C P 3a 2019 r. B03pacTaeT p,ona
HacTHoro KanMTa/ia M na/TaeT flora oömecTBeHHoro K a n n Tajia
M B MMpe Haiiöojiee pacTyT /TOXO/TH caMbix 6oraTbix
jno/ieii5
. C snM/TeMMeii COVID-19 B03pacTamie 6e/THOcra
M HepaBeHCTBa TOJibKO ycMJiMBaeTCH.
PA3PYIUEHME TPA>KflAHCKOrO OBll^ECTBA
HA 3AI1AAE
C/ie/TCTBMeM counajibHoro yna/TKa siBJisieTcsi pa/TMKa/iM3aij;M5i
rpa>KflaHCKoro oömecTBa Ha 3ana/Te M pocT
nO/mep>KKM aHTMCMCTeMHblX KOHCepBaTMBHblX M HauMOHa/iMCTMHecKMX
npaBbix MJiM jieBbix pa/TMKa/ioB. no6e/Ta
JX. Tpajvma B CBoe Bpejvra 6buia peaKUMeii H M 3 I I I M X M H a c r a
cpe/THMX crcoeB Ha r/io6ajiM3aij;Mio B CIIIA. JX. TpaMn n o n b i TajICfl
npOTMBO/TeilCTBOBaTb OTpilUaTejIbHblM /TJI5I ÖOJIbuiMHCTBa
rpa>KflaH CIIIA TeHfleHUMSiM - BBO/TMJI noniJMHbi
Ha MMnopT npo/ryKUMii M3-3a py6e>Ka B CIIIA, B T O M miaie
Ha npo/iyKUMio, npoM3Be/TeHHyK) B coKWHimecKMX CTpaHax
4
Income In-Equality and Progressive Taxes [3jieKTpoHHbiM pecypc].
URL: https://beesefulmer.com/home/insights/income-in-equality-and-progressive-taxes/
(flaTa oöpameHMSi: 24.12.2021).
5
Recently Noted: World Inequality Report 2018 - findings and policies
[3jieicrpoHHbiH pecypc]. U R L : https://americandelusions.com/2017/12/14/
rcently-noted-world-inequality-report-2018/ (Aara oöpameHns:
24.12.2021).
42 Sociopolitical Sciences Vol.12. No. 1.2022 ISSN 2223-0092 (print)
ISSN 2310-7065 (online)
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CraTbfl n o d y n n n a B peflaKui/iio 14.12.2021, ripi/mma K ny6jiHKai4Hn 27.12.2021
The article was received o n 14.12.2021, accepted for publication 27.12.2021
ISSN 2223-0092 (print)
ISSN 2310-7065 (online)
T. 12. N S
1. 2022 Cou.uanbHO-nonumu^ecKue naym 43
COLlKIAJlbHO-nOJMTKIHECKKIEKICCJlEflOBAHKIfl
SOCIOPOLITICAL RESEARCH
CBEflEHMfl OB ABTOPAX
TIpopoK BjiadiiMup, KaHflMflaT 4MJIOCOC|DCKMX HayK; floueHT
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YHMBepcMTeTa Una Ajvioca K O M C H C K O T O . ITpara, HemcKaa
pecnyöJiMKa. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-
0711; E-mail: v p r o r o k @ s e z n a m . c z
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axa/ieMMM HayK. MocKBa, PoccMMCKaa <t>e,ii,epauM5i. ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-6418; E-mail: lilitcheva
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Cad>uyjuiuH Bnadjien Ajiböepmoeuu, Marwcrp ropMcnpyfleHi;MM,coMCKaTejib
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MocKBa, PoccMMCKaa <t>e,ii,epauM5i. ORCID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-5765-5695; E-mail: 3173930@gmail.com
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Vladimir Prorok, Cand. Sci. (Philos.); associate professor
at the Department of International Relations and
Diplomacy of the Jan Amos Comenius University. Prague,
Czech Republic. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
3805-0711; E-mail: vprorok@seznam.cz
Lyudmila E. Ilyicheva, Dr. Sci. (Polit), Cand. Sci (Philos.),
Professor; Professor at the Department of Project and
Program Management, Director of the Center for Public
Private Partnership of the Institute of Public Service
and Management of the Russian Academy of National
Economy and Public Administration under the President
of the Russian Federation (RANEPA). Moscow, Russian
Federation. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-
6418; E-mail: lilitcheva@mail.ru
Vladlen A. Safiullin, post graduate at the Institute of Social
and Political Studies of the Federal Research Sociological
Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow,
Russian Federation. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
5765-5695; E-mail: 3173930@gmail.com
44 Sociopolitical Sciences Vol.12. No. 1.2022 ISSN 2223-0092 (print)
ISSN 2310-7065 (online)