This study investigates the implementation of the “School for Sustainable Life” programme in primary schools in the Czech Republic through the lens of the action-oriented education for sustainable development framework. The research explores the programme’s impact on fostering student leadership and engagement in sustainability initiatives using qualitative methodologies, including three focus groups (N = 18) and interviews with teachers (N = 5). The findings reveal that while the programme significantly enhances students’ understanding and action towards sustainable development, challenges remain in achieving consistent engagement across different school contexts. The study contributes to the ESD discourse by highlighting the crucial role of students’ leadership in implementing sustainability education and providing insights for educators and policymakers.