Přehled o publikaci

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is a growing global health issue, with severe complications that affect multiple organ systems, including the kidneys. This thesis examines the intricate relationship between diabetes mellitus and renal function, focusing on the pathophysiological changes that occur in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy, one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration, damage to the filtration barrier, and mesangial matrix expansion, all of which lead to progressive renal dysfunction. The thesis explores the underlying mechanisms of these renal alterations, highlighting the role of chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in promoting kidney damage. In particular, it details how these factors contribute to glomerular sclerosis and impair renal filtration, ultimately resulting in chronic kidney failure.