While in the introduction to this volume, we discuss the various forms that uncertainty may take in global politics, this concluding chapter turns to questions of the effects and responses to uncertainty: What does uncertainty “do” in global politics? How do political actors respond to uncertainty and how should they? These questions are interlinked and contributors to this volume trace the various effects of uncertainty in different political settings, with implications for effective responses. Along with reflections on grappling with uncertainty during this book project, this chapter outlines the main takeaways and illustrates how political actors have responded to the multiple, changing forms of uncertainty in the illustrative case of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.