Each of us in our lives will face emergencies, whether a fire, accident, traffic collision or natural disaster, and it is crucial that we know how to recognise them and how to adequately react. The main research aim is to determine the knowledge level in protection and safety among primary school pupils from the first to third grade in socioeconomically marginalised localities. The text presents the knowledge level in protection and safety among first to third grade primary school pupils living in socioeconomically marginalised localities, in the Czech Republic. Education of children and pupils in areas of ppilation protection is becoming the number on topic. The challenge is to alert and motivate teachers to continue with topics that develop not only knowledge but also the perception of the outside world and the awareness of threats and dangers that may affect the development of the child or pupil.