Přehled o publikaci

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the organism is unable to process glucose as a physiological condition due to an absolute or relative lack of insulin. This is chronic disease affecting the whole organism that leads after years duration to morphology and organ function (Klener et al, 2011, p. 871). Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas. Human body produces it as needed so that the blood glucose concentration is maintained within certain limits (Brož, 2011). Insulin therapy means insulin therapy. This treatment is initiated in people with diabetes mellitus that have occurred to significantly reduce or excrete the secretion of insulin. The main one the goal of insulin therapy is to maximize the use of normoglycaemia adaptability of life, avoid the development of especially late com - (Kudlová, 2015). Insulin is most often administered subcutaneously injection using a thin needle with a long ground tip and the injection is most often performed in the abdomen, thighs or arms. (Špinar, et al., 2008, p. 234) The technique of insulin application differs, in particular, according to the length of the selected needle. A needle of 4 to 12 millimeters is usually available on the market. Important factors for the correction of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are the type of application insulin and time trace of food after insulin administration, even place application of insulin. Highest risk of intramuscular administration with faster the onset of action over subcutaneous insulin administration and subsequent occurrence hypoglycaemia is when the insulin is applied to the thigh (Hirsch, Byron, Gibney, 2014). Poor insulin absorption accompanied by undesirable reactions such as pain, redness, hematoma, and lipohypertrophy at the site of application insulin is usually caused by repeated insulin injections into the same and neglecting the needle exchange (Gentile et al, 2016, Kitchlew, 2016).