This paper is focused on the problem of inspection of small sources of pollution in households which was already presented to the Czech Parliament in the form of the Air Protection Act amendment. The draft of the new law introduces the possibility of direct controls of small stationary sources of pollution (e.g. combustion kettles) in households. At first, authors examine different legal instruments which can be applied to prevent physical persons to burn improper fuel in their sources of pollution and analyse proposed regulation into detail. Then their attention is focused on conflict of fundamental rights and freedoms. Lastly, the paper looks at legislation of different European countries regarding instruments which are used to control combustion sources in households to find out the most suitable legislative solution.