The monograph focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the applicable methods of competition policy in the railway industry, including discussions about the need to define the relevant market and to identify the main problems associated with using standard methods of defining the market. The relevant market is important to define especially in specific in-dustries: the railway industry has a number of economic specificities compared to the stand-ard model of services; there are not available reliable data on price trends, price elasticities and costs. This is reflected in the possibility of making economic analyses and to bias their results. Competition policy must take these specifics into account when cases related to the rail transport are investigated; analysis of the critical loss is not suitable for transport indus-try, due to a very specific cost structure. To avoid failure of tests for defining the relevant market and to overcome the lack or unreliability of cost data additional methods can be used, that help create a more plastic view of the situation on the market. Such a method is a consumer survey targeted to quantifying the price elasticity of demand and the diversion ratio; another method can be a supply shock analysis.