The chapter deals with relations (so-called microstructure, or formal-semantic ones) among proper names. The author describes polysemy and homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, and hyperonymy of proper names. A special attention is paid to polysemy/homonymy and synonymy (or: variability). Polysemy of proper names (i.e. metaphoric or metonymic transfers) is meant as an intentional process of transonymization, while homonymy is a result of formal coincidence of mutually independent naming processes. Discussing variability of proper names, the author distinguishes a deep structure as a source of variability, and a surface structure which reflects in a form of variant names. According to the author, there are ten deep-structure motives that can be combined with six surface-structure variants.